27–28
,
32–33
,
36
,
432
,
441n7
Vierra, Bianca Nikole,
441n6
Vietnam: anti-trafficking efforts,
266
; child trafficking,
315–16
; as destination,
86
; human trafficking,
46
,
342
,
356
,
402
; labor trafficking,
76
Vijayan (worker),
228–29
Villawood Immigration Detention Centre (Sydney, Australia),
89
violence: sexual,
79
; against women,
100
visa programs: “457
visa” workers,
312–13
; permanent visa status for foreign victims,
420
; protection visas,
307
; temporary visas,
103–4
,
301–2
,
307
,
312–13
; visa exemption arrangements,
47
; visitor visas,
304
; witness protection visas,
307
; work visas,
8
,
11–12
,
103–4
.
See also specific countries of interest
Vostok-Farm,
399–400
Wales,
326–27
Wanagoda, Assibit,
245
Wanzek Construction,
39
Weled, Abu,
136
Wen Jiabao,
252
West Bank,
94
,
104
Western Europe.
See specific countries by name
Westin,
16
White, William,
308
WikiLeaks,
131–32
witness protection programs,
124
,
285
,
407
Witness Protection Trafficking Certificates (Australia),
307
women and children: displaced persons,
115
,
433
; mass killings of,
143
;
muti
murder of,
269
; as slaves,
214
women and girls: age of criminal responsibility for,
205–6
; contract girls,
304
; discrimination against,
8–9
,
185
,
197–211
,
247
,
435
; displaced,
149
; efforts to aid,
107–8
; efforts to decrease trafficking of,
264–65
; forced labor,
2
,
16–17
,
122
,
136
,
137
,
237
; freedom of movement,
205–6
; marginalization of,
206–7
,
420
; Natashas,
395
,
402–4
; Pia (child prostitute),
413
,
417
; right to divorce,
205–6
; sex trafficking of,
304
,
331
,
341
,
395–96
; sexual exploitation of,
2
,
14
; sexual violence against,
79
; trafficking of,
2
; treatment of,
264–65
; what happens to victims,
123–24
,
345
Women’s Consulting Offices (Japan),
55–56
work visas,
8
,
11–12
,
103–4
.
See also specific countries of interest
Worker Protection (Migration Legislation Amendment) Act 2008 (Australia),
312–13
World Cup,
291–92
Wrigley, Drew,
6
,
39
Xianming, Zhao,
258
Xiaoying, Zhang,
254
Xinfeng, Zhang,
265
yakuza
(organized crime) networks,
47
Yamaguchi-gumi yakuza,
48
Yarl’s Wood Immigration Removal Centre,
321
Yemen,
86
Yi minority,
253
Yimprasert, Janya,
358
Ying, Chou Xiu,
261
Ying, San Shan,
261
Yi-Song (smuggling victim),
317
,
318
Yokoyama, Michiko,
7
Yongqing, Wang,
264
youths at risk,
25
Yuande, Xiao,
264
Yugoslavia,
402–4
Zambia,
284
Zammataro, Stella,
306
Zaw Zaw (victim),
78
Zentoitsu Workers Union,
51
Zhang Hong,
252
Zigos Cabaret,
405
Zimbabwe,
273
,
276
,
282–83
,
284
zina
(
illicit sex
),
206–7
,
208
zone d’attente
(transit zones),
174
,
192