Authors: Stephen G. Fritz
Sauer, Karl Otto,
426
Schirwindt,
430
Schlieffen Plan,
74
Schmidt, Paul,
8
â9
Schmidt, Rudolf (General),
147
,
208
,
313
Schmundt, Rudolf (General),
36
,
203
â4,
281
,
396
Schörner, Ferdinand (General),
397
,
432
â34,
445
,
447
Schubert, Helmut,
256
Schwerin von Krosigk, Lutz.
See
Krosigk, Lutz Schwerin von
Schwerpunkt
,
xvii
,
28
,
53
,
56
,
84
,
125
,
243
,
252
,
276
,
344
,
381
,
387
,
407
â8,
410
,
412
,
429
,
461
,
486
scorched-earth policy (German),
206
,
372
,
374
,
455
,
457
SD (Sicherheitsdienst [Security Service]),
xvii
,
13
,
70
,
103
,
107
â9,
135
â36,
171
,
178
,
325
,
331
,
359
,
428
,
431
,
449
,
479
SD2 fragmentation bombs (devil's eggs),
243
â44
Sea Lion, Operation,
38
second front,
234
â35,
268
,
277
,
299
,
325
,
337
â39,
342
,
366
,
399
â400,
475
security troops (German),
333
security troops (Soviet),
269
Seelow,
463
â64
Serafimovich,
285
Serock bridgehead,
444
Sevastopol,
164
,
241
,
245
â47,
264
,
268
,
291
,
398
Severnaya Bay,
246
Seydlitz-Kurzbach, Walter von (General),
213
,
301
,
312
Shaposhnikov, Boris (Marshal),
248
â49
Shlisselburg,
146
shortages.
See
German army: logistic problems; Red Army: logistics
Siberia,
62
,
108
,
115
,
162
,
174
,
186
,
200
,
256
,
327
Sickle Cut, Operation (Sichelschnitt),
27
â28,
54
,
433
Siemens,
260
Silesia,
38
â39,
260
,
429
,
441
,
444
â45,
447
â49,
456
,
460
Sinelnikovo,
370
slave labor (German).
See
forced labor
Slavs
Nazi racial policy toward,
62
,
93
,
178
,
225
,
256
,
259
,
506
n64
viewed as subhuman,
7
,
18
,
44
,
69
â70,
91
,
106
,
170
,
254
,
476
See also
forced labor; Generalplan Ost; hunger policy; Lebensraum
Slovenia,
256
Slutsk,
86
Smolensk,
86
â88,
113
,
120
â30,
133
,
140
,
149
,
152
,
200
,
207
,
219
,
326
,
360
,
368
â69,
450
,
476
,
484
Sobibor,
177
,
181
,
253
,
361
.
See also
concentration camps
social Darwinism.
See
Hitler
Sodenstern, George von (General),
143
,
184
Somme, Battle of,
420
Sonnenwende, Operation,
448
Soviet Union
armaments production,
12
,
41
,
59
,
81
â82,
115
civilians: evacuated by Germans,
369
,
372
â74 (
see also
forced labor); German use of forced labor (
see
forced labor); Soviet use of to build fortifications,
157
,
186
climate (
see
mud;
rasputitsa;
weather)
economic importance to Germany,
40
â41,
58
â62,
82
â83,
127
foreign policy of (
see
Stalin)
German atrocities in (
see
Einsatzgruppen; Final Solution; Generalplan Ost; German army; Germany: occupation policy; hunger policy; Jews)
German invasion of (
see
Barbarossa)
German racial policies in (
see
Final Solution; Generalplan Ost; Germany: occupation policy; hunger policy; Lebensraum)
German treatment of civilians (
see
Generalplan Ost; Germany: occupation policy; hunger policy)
German transportation difficulties in (
see
German army: logistics; mud;
rasputitsa
; weather)
Hitler's plans for “living space” (
see
Generalplan Ost; Lebensraum)
Hitler's views of (
see
Bolshevism; Hitler)
and hunger policy (
see
hunger policy)
impact of war on,
xxii
,
94
,
214
,
230
,
238
,
305
,
333
â34,
369
â71,
471
,
481
and Lend-Lease,
184
,
230
,
305
,
471
,
535
n78
Non-Aggression Pact with Germany,
9
,
19
,
25
,
32
,
36
,
45
,
50
oil in (
see
oil)
partisan war (
see
German army; partisans)
prisoners of war (
see
Red Army: prisoners of war)
relocation of industry,
115
and resettlement of Volga Germans,
174
Russian nationalism,
273
â75
and Soviet patriotism,
273
â75
State Defense Committee,
156
â57
tank production,
90
,
115
,
189
â90,
230
,
238
,
305
,
367
use of Germans as forced labor,
451
and Western allies (
see
Stalin)
See also
Red Army; Stalin; Stavka
Speer, Albert
and aircraft industry,
334
â35,
401
â2,
426
and Allied bombing of Germany,
330
â31,
363
,
402
and armaments production,
228
â30,
239
,
260
,
328
,
366
,
401
â2,
421
,
426
â27,
440
,
459
,
472
and cooperation with Himmler,
331
,
334
â35
and establishment of “rings,”
229
and Final Solution,
219
and forced labor,
334
â36
and Hitler,
3
,
228
,
268
,
279
,
399
,
424
,
434
,
527
n45
physical breakdown,
336
plans for preservation of post-war economy,
455
â56
at Posen (October 1943),
335
and rationalization of war economy,
228
â30,
239
,
260
,
328
and scorched earth (Germany),
456
â57
and self-responsibility concept,
229
succeeds Todt,
228
and total war mobilization,
328
â30,
334
â36,
423
â26
and war,
233
Zentrale Planung,
229
Spring Awakening, Operation,
438
SS (Schutzstaffel)
Central Resettlement Office,
255
clashes with Hans Frank,
19
,
21
,
65
,
73
,
180
,
258
â59
Economic and Administrative Main Office (WVHA),
260
â61
economic empire,
65
,
259
â61,
334
â35,
364
,
426
Waffen-SS,
103
,
384
,
399
(
see also
Armies; Corps; Divisions)
See also
Einsatzgruppen; Final Solution; Generalplan Ost; Heydrich; Himmler; hunger policy
“Stab in the back” myth (
Dolchstoss
),
69
,
474
,
480
,
487
Stahlecker, Franz Walter,
94
,
97
,
111
Stalin, Joseph
and Barbarossa,
84
â86,
89
,
124
,
140
,
508
n17
and battle for Kiev,
140
â45
and Berlin offensive,
458
,
460
â66,
468
â69
and counterattack at Moscow,
200
,
207
,
210
â12,
214
and defense of Moscow,
148
,
156
â58,
186
â87,
200
deportation of Volga Germans,
174
fear of Allied-German separate peace,
458
,
466
,
468
foreign policy,
29
,
32
,
37
â38,
40
â41,
45
,
48
â49,
73
,
475
and the Hess affair,
79
and Hitler,
32
,
38
,
66
,
75
,
78
,
90
â91,
110
,
131
,
155
â56,
231
,
300
,
475
â76,
484
and Lend-Lease,
184
,
230
,
305
,
471
,
535
n78
and mobilization of USSR,
xxiii
,
12
,
23
,
54
,
75
,
81
,
115
,
148
,
230
â31,
336
,
357
,
401
,
455
,
472
,
486
,
508
n8
and offensive (spring 1942, Kharkov),
248
â52
and offensive (summer 1943),
348
,
356
â57
and offensive (winter 1942â1943),
323
â24
and offensive (autumn-winter 1943â1944),
369
â70,
382
,
391
â92
and Operation Jupiter,
304
and Operation Little Saturn,
315
â16
and Operation Mars,
304
and Operation Saturn,
xvi
,
304
,
316
and Operation Uranus,
xvii
,
292
,
303
â4,
306
and Order No.
227
(“Not one step back”),
273
,
281
,
405
pre-invasion strategy,
78
â80
and the Reichel affair,
264
and separate peace with Germany,
131
,
157
,
184
,
300
,
325
and Stavka,
264
,
324
,
423
,
458
,
460
(
see also
Stavka)
as Supreme Commander,
75
,
84
,
89
,
124
,
140
,
210
,
212
,
214
â15,
244
,
247
â49,
264
,
276
,
323
â25,
348
,
356
,
370
,
406
â8,
422
â23,
431
,
462