Strategy (139 page)

Tolstoy's depiction of,
98
–
102

narrative

business management and,
563
–
567

qualities of,
621
–
622

different notions of,
427
–
432

information operations and,
233
–
234

political campaigning and,
433
–
435
,
437
,
449

problems with
615
–
618

Nash, John,
514
–
515
,
594
,
600

Nation of Islam,
391
–
392

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP),
351
,
357
,
360
–
361

National Football League (NFL),
522

National Liberation Front (FLN, Algeria),
392

National Liberation Front (Vietnam),
397

National Organization of Women (NOW),
409
–
410

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

Berlin blockade crisis and,
173

continental European defense and,
199
–
200
,
203
,
210

free-rider problem and,
583
–
584

Turkey and,
175

Nazis.
See also
Hitler, Adolf

ideology of,
122
,
335
,
343

propaganda and,
336
,
342
–
343
,
414

Nechayev, Sergei,
276
,
392

neo-Machiavellians,
321
,
329
,
335

netwar,
229
–
230

neuroscience.
See
human brain, studies of

New Deal,
334
,
441
,
482
,
487
,
489
–
490

New Industrial State, The
(Galbraith),
492

New Jersey, unemployment study in,
472
–
473

New Left.
See also
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC); Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)

1968 Democratic Convention protests and,
406
–
408

Alinsky and,
388
,
408
–
409

attitude toward electoral politics of,
436

campus protests and,
403
–
406

challenge to Western democracies by,
415

civil rights movement and,
375

community organizing projects and,
376

conservative reactions to,
440

Cuba and,
398
–
399
,
402

existentialist philosophy and,
368
,
370
–
371
,
375
–
376

Foucault and,
426
–
427

France and,
403
,
428

gay liberation and,
411

Guevara and,
402

hippies and,
405
–
406

legacy of,
411
–
412

liberation emphasis of,
367
,
369
–
370

media and,
417
–
418

Mills and,
372
,
399

orthodox Left and,
367
–
368
,
370

participatory democracy and,
376
–
378

Port Huron Statement and,
367
,
374
–
375
,
378

Third World and,
398
–
399

Vietnam War and,
396
–
399
,
405
–
407
,
411

views of “technocracy” and,
370

Weather Underground and,
403
–
405

women's liberation and,
409
–
411

Yippies and,
406
–
407

New Politics, The
(Perry),
438

New School of Social Research,
415

New State, The
(Follet),
468

Newman, James,
156

Ney, Michel,
84

Nicholas II (Tsar of Russia),
296

Niebuhr, Reinhold,
352
–
354
,
358

Niederwerfungsstrategie
(strategy of annihilation),
108

Nixon, Richard,
436
,
439
–
441

Nono, Luigi,
176

nonviolent direct action.
See also
pacifism

American civil rights movement and,
350
–
351
,
354
–
365
,
386

critiques of the limits of,
349
–
351
,
355
–
356

Gandhi and,
348
–
351
,
354
–
355
,
358
–
359
,
385
,
412

King Jr. and,
344
,
358
–
359
,
362
–
364
,
677
n28

labor relations and,
352

media aspect of,
352
,
363
–
364

Niebuhr on,
352
–
354

Rustin and,
358
–
359
,
362
–
363

suffragette movement and,
345
–
346

Tolstoy and,
348

North Vietnam.
See under
Vietnam

Northern Alliance,
222

Norton, David,
561
–
562

nuclear weapons

arms control and,
169

Cold War and,
156
–
159
,
167
–
168

deterrence theory and,
157
–
160
,
168
,
176
–
177
,
194
,
241

escalation and,
176

first-strike capability and,
167
–
169
,
171

game theory and,
155

Manhattan Project and,
147
–
148

massive retaliation doctrine and,
157

mutually assured destruction theory and,
170
,
218

Schelling on,
164
–
165
,
167
–
173

Second World War and,
143
,
156
,
217

second-strike capability and,
168
–
170

Soviet Union and,
156
–
157
,
168
–
169
,
177

stalemate and,
177

strategic impact of,
134
,
145
–
149
,
155
–
160
,
163
–
165
,
167
–
171
,
176
–
177
,
217
,
219
–
220

submarines and,
169

thermonuclear weapons and,
156

United States and,
147
,
156
–
157
,
168
–
169
,
171
–
172
,
177

O'Reilly, Jane,
430

Oakland (California),
394

Obama, Barack,
453
–
455

Ochs, Phil,
406

Odysseus

Homer's description of,
xii
,
22
–
27

Sophocles' description of,
27
–
28

Virgil's description of,
24
,
42

Odyssey, The
(Homer),
24
–
27

Offer, Avner,
619
–
620

Ogarev, Nicholas,
266

Oglesby, Carl,
397

Ohmae, Kenichi,
545

Olson, Mancur,
583
–
584
,
586

On Escalation
(Kahn),
176

On Thermonuclear War
(Kahn),
160
–
161

On War
(Clausewitz),
82
–
83
,
86
,
118
,
179
,
203
–
204
,
237
,
445
.
See also
Clausewitz, Carl von, military strategies of

One Dimensional Man
(Marcuse),
399

One Step Forward, Two Steps Back
(Lenin),
293
–
294

OODA loops (observation, orientation, decision, action),
196
–
199
,
201
,
217
–
218
,
225
,
451
,
511
–
512

Operation Desert Storm.
See
Gulf War (1991)

operational level of war,
202
–
203
,
205
,
207
,
214

operations research.
See
quantitative analysis

Oppenheimer, Robert,
145

Ordeshook, Peter,
580

Organization Man
(Whyte),
369

Orwell, George,
xv
,
145
–
146
,
433
,
543
,
674
n26,
688
n8

Other Side, The
(Hayden and Lynd),
397

Ottoman Empire,
181
–
182

Overy, Richard,
158

pacifism.
See also
nonviolent direct action

First World War and,
346
–
347

Gandhi and,
347
,
352

Gregg on,
352

Pankhurst, Christabel and Emmeline,
345
–
346

paradigms, Kuhn's notion of,
419
–
424

Paradise Lost
(Milton)

Adam and Eve in,
54
–
56
,
58
,
61
–
63

Beelzebub in,
61

Belial in,
60

free will questions in,
55
–
58

God in,
54
–
60
,
62
–
64
,
617

guile in,
64

Jesus (The Son) in,
58
–
59
,
62

Machiavellian aspects of,
54
,
57
–
58
,
63
,
617

Mammon in,
60
–
61

Moloch in,
60
–
61

Pandemonium in,
60
–
61

Satan in,
54
,
56
–
64
,
617

Paret, Peter,
86
,
204

Pareto, Vilfredo

circulation of elites and,
325

legacy of,
335
,
471
–
472
,
515

lion and fox analogies of,
324
–
325

logical conduct and,
324

Pareto efficiency and,
323

residues and,
324

social equilibrium and,
323
,
471
–
472

Paris Commune,
106
,
269
,
271
,
474

Park, Robert,
336
–
337
,
378

Parks, Rosa,
357

Parris, Matthew,
x

Parsons, Talcott,
471

Pascale, Richard,
545
,
566

Patton, George S.,
506

Peloponnesian War, The
(Thucydides) Athens in,
31
–
38

Attica in,
35

coalitions in,
32
–
35

Corcyra and,
32
,
34
,
38

Corinth in,
32
–
34

Diodotus in,
37
–
38

Megara and,
32

Megarian Decree and,
32
–
35

Melians in,
31

Peloponnesian League,
30
,
32
,
35

Pericles in,
32
–
37
,
39

Sparta and,
31
–
35
,
38

Penrose, Edith,
496
,
570

Pericles,
23
,
32
–
37
,
39
,
244
,
614

Perroni, Amadeo,
463

Perry, James,
438

Person, Harlow,
462

Peters, Ralph,
227

Peters, Tom

emphasis on storytelling by,
564
,
617

management theories of,
545
–
548
,
556
,
564

McKinsey & Company and,
544
–
545
,
547

Petraeus, David,
224

Petrograd Soviet,
296

Pfeffer, Jeffrey,
558

Phelan, Jim,
433

Phillips, Kevin,
440
–
441

Philoctetes
(Sophocles)

Herakles in,
27
–
28

Neoptolemus,
27
–
28

Odysseus in,
27
–
28