The Joy of Pain (41 page)

balm/cure for,
xvi

in competitive situations,
xiii

denying feeling of,
126
–129

description of,
109
–110

hostility and,
114
–115

inferiority/hostility in,
xii
,
xvi

injustice and,
130
–134

of Jews,
147
–151,
220
n
34

likeability and,
121
–122

motivated action/inaction and,
153
–154

Nazi anti-Semitism and,
143
–147,
148
,
218
n
25

neuroscientific evidence on,
111

pleasure link,
114

schadenfreude
link,
xvi
,
113
–114
See also schadenfreude
and envy

self-deception and,
129
–130

of Stewart, Martha,
117
–119,
122
,
123

tabloids and,
115
–116

transmutation of,
125
–139,
137

as universal emotion,
110

Envy
:
The Seven Deadly Sins
(Epstein),
144

Envy Up, Scorn Down
:
How Status Divides Us
(Fiske),
6
,
111

Epstein, Joseph,
144
,
150
,
219
–220
n
33

“equalization” of lots,
130

ESPN,
178
–179

evolution.
See also
adaptive function/benefits

altruistic tendencies and,
191
n
20

rival group suffering and,
41
–42

self-interest and,
63

social comparison and,
10
–16

evolutionary psychology,
28
–29

experiments/research

on consumer
schadenfreude,
120

on “culpable control,”
82

on dispositional inferences,
170
–171

on envy,
113
–114

on fandom,
39
,
41
–42

on hypocrisy and deserved misfortune,
76
–77

on humanizing effect of a pratfall,
119

on inferiority,
133

on “just world” belief,
80

on “minimal group paradigm,”
35
–36

on narcissism,
133
–134

on obedience to authority,
166
–169

on identification in politics,
45
–47

on reality TV watching,
105

on relative standing/unequal treatment,
12
–16,
61
–63

on revenge,
89
–91

on self-esteem,
6
–10

on tabloid press,
116

on Stereotype Content Model,
151
,
153

extreme circumstances, self-interest in,
57
–59

Eyre, Heidi,
61

fable (ant and grasshopper),
83

Facial Justice
(Hartley),
5

failure/success, of others,
61
–62

fairness, justice and,
65

fans, emotional life of,
36
–39

Farber, Leslie,
153
–154

Faust,
52

Feather, Norman,
68

Fenton, Alice,
185
–187

Festinger, Leon,
6

Fiske, Susan,
6
,
41
,
111
,
148
,
151
,
153
–154

Fitzgerald, Edward,
131

Flanders, Ned
,
xi
–xii,
122
–123,
183
–184

football fans,
36
–40

forgiveness, instinct for,
xvii

Fort Lauderdale,
81

Foster, George,
130

Foundation for Humanity,
69

Frank, Ann,
86

Frank, Robert,
12

“free ride” experiment,
89
–90

Freud, Sigmund,
55
,
130
,
218
n
25

friends, misfortune of,
50
–51

From Here to Eternity
(film),
9

From This Day Forward: Making Your Vows Last a Lifetime
(Haggard),
73

fundamental attribution error,
xvii
,
165
,
169
–172,
175
,
223
n
14

The Fury
(film),
68
,
69
,
88

Gangnam Style dance,
43

gain, from others' misfortune,
xii
–xiv

Gandhi, Mahatma,
93

Gardner, Howard,
52

Gay, Peter,
47
–48,
198
n
33

genocide, of Jews,
154
–157.
See also
Jews; Nazis

Gergen, Ken,
6
–7

Germans, suffering of Jews and,
152
.
See also
Nazis

Geronimo,
89

get even, desire to,
105

Getting Even
(Murphy),
87

Gettysburg, Union victory at,
173

Ghost Soldiers
(Sides),
91
–92

Gilbert, Dan,
89
,
170

Gilbert, Darius,
40

Gilligan, James,
141

Glick, Peter,
148
–150,
156
,
220
n
34

glückschmerz,
187

Goebbels, Propaganda Minister,
152

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von,
125

Goffman, Erving,
95

Golden Gloves winner,
91

Golding, William,
59

Goldman, Lev,
195
n
39

golf/golfing spectators,
43
–44.
See also
Woods, Tiger

Golfweek Magazine
,
182

good or bad, born to be,
51
–54

Google NGram Viewer,
xv
,
xv
f

Goncz, Hungary,
160

Göring, Hermann,
141

Grammer, Kelsey,
2

“grandiose” narcissists,
133
–134

gratification, self-focused,
xvii

Greenson, Ralph,
9

grizzly bear joke,
xii

group identity.
See also
outgroups/outgroup antipathy

“us” versus “them,”
32

adaptive function of,
42
,
148

in downward comparisons,
32

group membership, self-esteem and,
34
–36

group psychology, downward comparisons and,
26
–27

Gruner, Charles,
28
–30

Gulliver's Travels
(Swift),
122

Gusen I,
87

Haas, Albert,
58
–59,
64
,
85
,
87
,
92

Haggard, Ted,
73
–74

Hahn, James,
43

Halliday, Jon,
116

Halliwell, Stephen,
84

Hamlet
(Shakespeare),
92

Hannibal, Missouri,
112

Hansen, Chris,
99
–101,
103
–105,
107

happiness

social comparisons and,
5

understanding,
xvii

Hareli, Shlomo,
121

Haring, Bernard,
70

Harrington, Padraig,
180

Harrison, Brian,
84

Hartley, L. P.,
5

Harvard Medical School,
113

Harvard University,
51
–52

Harvard Yard,
113

hate crimes,
25

Hatfields and the McCoys,
91

Hauer, Mordecai,
157
–161

Hawthorne, Nathaniel,
106

Heider, Fritz,
130
,
131

Herzog
(Bellow),
177

Hesse, Fritz,
152

Hewel, Walther,
147

Heydrich, Reinhard,
154
–155

high-status, adaptive benefits of,
12

Hill, Grant,
38

Hill, Sarah,
132

Hitchens, Christopher,
30

Hitler, Adolf.
See also
Nazis

Battle of the Bulge and,
157

envy of Jews,
141
,
143
–147,
219
n
29

evolution of anti-Semitism,
143
–147,
149
,
154
,
217
n
24,
219
n
29

Kristallnacht
and,
152

delight over suffering of Jews,
152

sense of humor of,
217
n
19

“solution of the Jewish Problem,”
154

watching the defeat of German sprinters,
48

Hobbes, Thomas,
27
,
55

Holocaust/Holocaust survivors,
86
–87,
157
–161.
See also
Jews; Nazis

homeless men, assaults on,
24
–26

Hoogland, Charles,
41

hostile responses,
xvii

hostility, envy and,
xvi
,
114
–115

Hotchkiss, Sandy,
134

How to Win Friends and Influence People
(Carnegie),
55

Howard-Johnston, James,
84

Howie Do It
,
97
–98.
See also
reality television

Huffington Post
,
99

human motivation, understanding of,
51

human nature

children's behavior,
59
–61

competing sides for,
52

self-interest and,
54
–57

humiliation

as public punishment,
106

in
Frasier
example,
4

in reality TV,
23

sanction of,
108

“humilitainment”

appeal of,
94
–98

To Catch A Predator
,
xv
,
98
–108,
170
–172,
223
n
14

as term,
xv
,
96

humor

in downward comparisons,
27
,
30
–32

of Hitler,
217
n
19

perceived sense of,
14
–16,
15
f

superiority theory of,
27
–30

Hung, William,
93
–96,
105

Hungary,
157

hypocrites

fall of,
71
–75

suffering of,
75
–77

In Cold Blood
(Capote),
57
–58

inaction, envy and,
153
–154

“individual-group discontinuity effect,”
43

inferiority.
See also Makes Me Wanna Holler
(McCall)

feelings of,
133

in others,
8
–10

Influence: Science and Practice
(Cialdini),
57
,
75

ingroups/ingroup identity,
29
,
35
,
37
,
42
,
47
,
149
,
197
n
15

injuries, of opposing teams,
41

injustice, envy and,
130
–134

Insko, Chet,
42

intergroup dynamics/relations,
42
,
48

IQ tests, relative performance on,
61
–62

“Isn't it Romantic?,”
3

It's a Wonderful Life
(film),
184

Jackson, Randy,
95

James, William,
49
,
51
–52,
93
,
177

Jersey Shore
(television show),
96

Jesus

on hypocrisy,
75

on difficulty of a rich man to enter the kingdom of God,
129

on judging others,
163

Jesus Camp
(film),
73

Jeeves
,
30
–32

Jews.
See also
Hitler, Adolf; Nazis

envy of,
220
n
34

genocide of,
154
–157

Hitler's anti-Semitism and,
143
–147

Kristallnacht
and,
151
–152

Nazis' treatment of,
xvi
–xvii

scapegoating of,
147
–151

suffering of,
157
–161

The Jimmy Swaggart Telecast
,
71

Joseph II, Emperor,
136

Johar, Omesh,
133
,
134

John
8
:3–11,
163

Johnson, Bob,
57
–58,
64

Johnson, Samuel,
13

jokes.
See
superiority theory of humor

Jones, Mike,
73

“just desserts,”
69
.
See also
deserved misfortune

just world, belief in,
80
,
81

justice

blaming victims and,
80
–82

desire for,
xiv

fairness and,
65

restoration of,
202
n
19

revenge and,
86
–92