The Transformation of the World (252 page)

Bacon, Francis,
43
,
904

Bad Ems,
266

Baden,
505
,
518
,
546
,
584
,
717
,
878

Baden-Baden,
265

Bad Ischl,
266

Baedeker, Karl,
278

Bagehot, Walter,
587

Baghdad,
190
,
243
,
276
,
718

Bahai faith,
50
,
896
–
97

Bahaullah, Mizra Husain Ali Nuri,
896

Baikal, Lake,
364

Bairoch, Paul,
641
–
42

Baker, Herbert,
319

Baku,
561

Bakunin, Mikhail,
134
,
558

Bali,
198
–
99

Balkans,
96
,
202
,
361
,
399
,
466
,
789
,
868
,
887

Balkan Wars,
142
,
488
,
505
–
6
,
570

Congress of Berlin and establishment of borders in,
110
,
418

ethnic cleansing in,
139
,
141
–
43
,
488

as part of Ottoman Empire,
54
,
83
,
90
,
110
,
120
,
360
,
421
,
472
–
75
,
750
–
51

urbanization of,
256

Baltic region,
47
,
199
,
266
,
381
,
466
,
703
,
782

Baltimore,
806

Balzac, Honoré de,
19

Bangkok,
250
,
256
,
289

Banks, Sir Joseph,
80

Barbados,
132
,
840

Barcelona,
15
,
280
,
282
,
298
,
317

Barnato, Barney,
774

Barnum, Phineas Taylor,
313

Baroda,
238
,
796
–
97

Barrow, Sir John,
80

Barth, Heinrich,
21
,
79
,
293

Bartók, Béla,
823

Basel,
298

Batavia (Jakarta)

Chinese in,
221
,
257
,
769

as colonial city,
283
,
286
,
289
,
442

colonial governors in,
580

disease outbreaks in,
181
,
190

newspapers in,
33

as port city,
261
,
279
,
283

slavery in,
153
,
223

Westernization in,
238

Bath,
266

Battle of Lissa,
492

Battle of New Orleans,
721

Battle of Waterloo,
487
,
516

Baudelaire, Charles,
48

Bavaria,
183
,
193
,
407
,
584
,
606
,
829

Bayle, Pierre,
878

Bayly, Sir Christopher A.,
59
,
324

Bazalgette, Sir Joseph,
174

Beethoven, Ludwig van,
842

Beidaihe,
266
–
67

Beijing,
251
,
271
,
276

Beirut,
193
,
261
,
263
,
292
,
314
,
627
,
771

Beit, Sir Alfred,
774

Beit family,
220

Belgium

agriculture in,
212

bourgeoisie in,
765

census statistics in,
26
–
27

and Congo Free State,
126
,
401
,
432

creation of 1830,
54
,
110
,
269
,
408
–
9
,
418
,
537
,
586

education and literacy in,
788
,
884

free press in,
31

Great Powers and,
88
,
110

industrialization in,
432
–
33
,
647
,
658
,
675

internationalization and,
442
,
511
,
731
,
737
,
915

leisure resorts in,
265

modernity and,
905

monarchy in,
580
,
586
,
596

nationalism in,
409

population of,
259

representative democracy in,
599
–
600

Belgrade,
42
,
90
,
185
,
256
,
409

Belich, James,
459

Bell, Alexander Graham,
720

Belle Époque,
231
,
235
,
736

Bello, Andrés,
539

Benares,
252
,
265

Bendix, Reinhard,
912

Bengal,
190
–
91
,
201
,
222
,
400
,
429
,
552
–
53
,
662
,
755
–
56
,
799
–
800
,
831
,
897

Benin,
811

Benjamin, Walter,
230

Bentham, Jeremy,
62
,
312
,
632
,
822
,
830
–
31

Bentinck, William Henry Cavendish-, Lord,
713

Berbers,
367
,
382
,
464

Berend, Iván T.,
102
,
768

Bergen,
280

Bering Sea and Straits,
386

Berlin

as capital city,
269
,
272
–
73

as cultural and education center,
13
,
314
,
777
,
799
,
815
,
820

disease outbreaks in,
190

domestic servants in,
696

infrastructure in,
176
,
311
,
723

as modern city,
248
–
49
,
298

newspapers or news agencies in,
33
,
38

policing in,
619

population of,
252
,
259

water and sewer system in,
176

Berlin, Ira,
100

Berlin Conference on Africa,
126
,
432
,
472

Berlioz, Hector,
39
,
75

Berman, Marshall,
248

Bermuda,
136
,
277

Bern,
269
,
298
,
526

Bernstein, Eduard,
604

big-game hunting,
382
–
86

Bildungsbürger,
772
–
74

Billington, Ray Allen,
325
–
26

Biow, Hermann,
39

Bird, Isabella,
80

Birmingham, England,
250
,
259
,
273
–
74
,
275
,
283
,
304

birth rates,
127
,
143

Bishara Taqla,
34
–
35

Bismarck, Otto von

anti-Catholicism and,
141

and Conference on West Africa,
110

and Germany as colonial power,
110
,
433

imperialism and,
822

press freedom and,
30
–
31

and Prussian-German nation building,
266
,
398
,
403
,
410
,
417
,
518
–
19

social reforms and,
624

and stability in Europe,
472

Bizet, Georges,
6

Blackpool,
266

Blagoveshchensk,
260

Blavtsky, Helena Petrovna,
813

Blest Gana, Alberto,
20

“Bloody Sunday” revolution in Russia,
559
,
561
,
567

Blum, Jerome,
704

Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich,
858

Bluntschli, Johann Kaspar,
913

Bly, Nellie (Elizabeth Jane Cochrane),
711

Boas, Franz,
819
,
829
,
861

Boers of South Africa,
130
,
149
,
351
–
56
,
445
–
46
,
485
,
510
,
909

Bohemia,
466

Bolívar, Simón,
406
,
476
,
535
,
538
,
539
,
543

Bolivia,
265
,
407
,
477
,
487
,
598
,
658
–
59

Bolton, Herbert Eugene,
328
,
358

Bombay (Mumbai),
147
,
252
,
285
,
287
–
88
,
314
,
552
–
53
,
729
,
783
,
796

epidemic disease in,
181
,
188
–
89

municipal water system in,
175
–
76

as port city,
261
,
278
–
79

Booth, Charles,
19
,
24
,
223

Bordeaux,
282

Borst, Arno,
902

Bosnia,
141
,
142
,
434

Bosnia-Herzegovina,
434

Boston,
219
,
258
,
259
,
278
,
288
,
307
,
315
,
645

Botswana,
22
,
444

Bourdeau, Louis,
53

bourgeoisie or middle class

avant-garde and the,
777

Bildungsbürger
as,
772
–
74

in China,
34

colonial,
774
–
78

commerce and the quasi-bourgeois,
768
–
70

concept and identity of,
761
–
62

critical observation and description of,
18

decline of,
777

education and,
772
–
74

mass culture and,
777

nationalism and,
771

“petit bourgeois,”
762
–
64

and political engagement,
770
–
72

rise of,
61

social respectability and,
764
–
66

universality of middle ranks,
766
–
68

Boxer (Yihetuan) Rebellion,
3
,
21
,
42
,
63
,
248
,
299
–
300
,
399
,
497
,
560
,
564
,
818
,
890

boycotts,
280
–
81
,
504
,
538
,
561
,
568
,
841

Bradford, England,
262

Brady, Matthew B.,
40

Brahms, Johannes,
592
,
823

branding of products,
233

Braudel, Fernand,
56
–
57
,
66
,
96
,
214
,
226
,
263
,
642
,
669

Brazil,
3
,
5
,
139
,
170
,
206
,
234
–
35
,
236
,
347
,
362
,
408
,
800

coffee cultivation in,
349
–
50
,
362
–
63

deforestation in,
379
–
80

exports and economy of,
658
,
660

frontier in,
347
,
349
–
50

governance of,
408
,
418
,
501
–
2
,
536

as independent,
100

Luso-Brazilian society in,
131

migration to,
100
,
118
,
131

positivism in,
897

race relations in,
853

as regional power,
476
–
79
,
512

Rio de Janeiro,
139
,
252
,
269
,
288
,
714

slavery and,
131
,
132
–
33
,
151
,
155
,
476
,
538
,
699
,
701
,
847
–
48
,
853
–
54

social environment in,
131
,
349
,
853
–
54

US and,
476
–
79

War of the Triple Alliance,
476
–
77