The Transformation of the World (265 page)

Lynch, John,
879

Macartney, George, Lord,
59
,
496

Macau,
162
,
261
,
890

Macaulay, Thomas Babington, Lord,
620

Macedonia,
90
,
142
,
431
,
560
,
566

Mackinder, Sir Halford,
82
–
83
,
429

Mackinnon, William,
728

Madagascar,
151
,
183
,
194
–
95
,
238
–
39
,
438
,
870

Maddison, Angus,
62
,
168
–
69

Madero, Francisco I.,
138
,
916

Madison, James,
539

Madras,
147
,
176
,
207
,
288
,
302
,
783
,
796

Madrid,
259
,
276
–
77
,
282
,
289
,
316
,
319

magazines,
29
–
30

Mahan, Alfred Thayer,
83
,
471

Mahdi and Mahdi movement,
265
,
401
,
447
,
896

Mahler, Gustav,
812

Mahmud II, Sultan,
57
,
236
,
532
,
775

Mahmud Şevket Pasha,
570

Maji Maji uprising,
896

malaria,
126
,
185
,
190
,
194
–
95
,
205
,
689
–
90

Malaya,
888
,
898
,
900

agriculture in,
256
,
682

British in,
401
,
425
,
428
,
432
,
442
,
452
,
479
,
582
,
769
,
888

international trade and,
658
–
59
,
682
,
724
,
769

migration to,
161
,
166

polycentric politics in,
479
,
574
,
580
,
582

religion in,
83
,
898
–
99
,
900

Malaysia,
480

Malkom Khan,
903

Mallarmé, Stéphane,
65

Malta,
277
,
438

Malthus, Thomas Robert,
18
,
121
,
122

Manchester, England,
250
,
259
,
262
,
270
,
272
–
75
,
308
,
314
–
15
,
391
,
805
,
837

Manchuria,
84
,
93
,
105
,
146
,
267
,
276
,
359
,
369
,
401
,
432
,
445
,
486
,
491
,
609
,
656

Manifest Destiny,
332

Manila,
98
,
257
,
283
,
580
,
801

manioc root,
227

Mann, Thomas,
19
–
20
,
179

manufacturing, electrification and,
310
–
11

Maoris,
55
,
324
,
371
,
373
,
374
,
400
,
404
,
500
,
892

Mao Zedong,
244
,
540
,
918

maps

cartography,
23
–
24
,
81
,
94
,
105
,
112
,
820
–
21

mental,
81
,
86
–
94
,
398

Maria Theresa, Archduchess of Austria,
625
,
888

Mariette, Auguste,
13

Markov, Walter,
523

Marseille,
140
,
278
,
282
,
288
,
296
,
440

Marshall, Alfred,
18

Marshall, John,
342

martial cultures,
363
,
367
,
553
,
616
–
18
,
860

Martinique,
158
,
437
,
438
,
465

Marx, Karl,
10
,
18
,
28
,
36
,
72
,
88
,
346
,
506
,
640
–
41
,
652
,
746
,
814
,
903

Marxism,
431
,
461
,
522
,
523
,
604
,
637

capitalism and,
640
–
42
,
667
–
70
,
903

in China,
25
,
52
,
554
–
55
,
759
,
794
–
95
,
875
,
886
–
87

as European in essence,
88

in Russia,
133
–
34

mathematics,
24
,
29
,
77
–
78
,
781
,
809
–
10

Matsukata Masayoshi,
665

Mauritania,
382
,
837

Mauritius,
136
,
151
,
154
,
158
,
159
,
438

Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico,
82
,
400
–
401

Maxwell, James Clerk,
652

May, Karl,
369

Mayhew, Henry,
19
,
40
,
834

Mazzini, Giuseppe,
137
,
157
,
630
,
631

McKinley, William,
395

McLeod, Hugh,
880
,
882

McNeill, William H.,
326
,
xv

meat consumption,
229

Mecca,
21
,
164
,
193
,
265
,
268
,
888
,
894

mechanization,
73
,
157
,
213
–
14
,
249
,
273
,
279
,
281
,
310
,
643
,
649
,
670
,
672

Mecklenburg,
705

media

film,
42
–
43

knowledge transference and,
911
–
12

mass communication and,
43

newspapers,
29
–
35

photography,
39
–
43

printing presses,
35

medicine

antiseptics and disinfection methods,
183
–
84

drugs,
183
,
196

emergent diseases,
178
–
80

as imperial instrument,
196
–
97

in Japan,
184

knowledge transfer and,
181
,
184

laboratory research and,
195
–
96

quarantine and
cordons sanitaires,
172
,
185
,
186
,
187
–
88
,
193

traditional,
176
,
184

vaccines and immunization,
179
–
83

Western medical science,
184

X-ray photography in,
40

Medina,
21
,
49
,
446
,
894

Mediterranean

agriculature around the,
214

cities and urbanization in,
245
,
247
,
266

developmental asymmetry in the,
96
–
97

disease outbreaks in,
185
–
86
,
192

European dominance of,
88
–
89
,
120

naval control of,
438

Roman Empire and,
429

as space of interaction,
86
,
88
–
89
,
96
–
98
,
438

trade and the,
261
,
263
,
378

Meiji Emperor of Japan,
72
,
502
,
586
–
91
,
620
,
886

Meiji Renewal (Japan),
4
,
23
,
37
,
52
–
53
,
55
,
75
–
76
,
184
,
236
–
37
,
414
–
16
,
481
,
518
–
19
,
560
,
588
,
596

democratization and,
603
–
4

nationalism and,
612
–
13

police and enforcement of reforms,
620
,
628

Meinig, Donald W.,
449

Melba, Nellie (Helen Porter Mitchell),
6

Melbourne,
15
,
31
,
258
,
260
,
269
,
310

Melbourne, William Lamb, Lord,
585

Méliès, Georges,
42

Mellon, Andrew J.,
220

Melville, Herman,
386
,
388

Mendel, Gregor,
805

Mendelssohn, Moses,
865

Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix,
865

Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia,
243
,
419
,
485
–
86
,
592

Menger, Carl,
65

meningitis,
179

“men on the spot,”
465
,
477
,
499

mercantilism,
232
,
262
,
311
,
427
,
437
,
454
,
467
,
530
,
538
,
644
,
725

merchants as social class,
765
,
769

trade networks and,
725

Mergenthaler, Ottmar,
35

metageography,
78
–
86

Metternich, Prince Klemens von,
397
,
434
,
503

Mexico,
80

class structure within,
834
–
35

as empire,
119

financial markets and debts,
743

industrialization in,
640

per Capita GDP in,
169

population of,
119

positivism in,
897

reforms in,
628

revolution in,
63
,
559

slavery in,
131
–
32

Mexico City,
190
,
244
,
250
,
252
,
295
,
307
,
311
,
316
,
477
,
539

Meyerbeer, Giacomo,
6
,
866

Michelet, Jules,
88
,
247
,
424
,
815
–
16
,
823

Michels, Robert,
600

middle classes.
See
bourgeoisie or middle class

Middle East,
47
,
66
,
82
–
84
,
106
–
7
,
182
,
205
,
244
,
420
,
521
,
532
,
543
,
657
,
801
–
2
,
849

Midhat Pasha, Grand Vizier of Ottoman Empire,
849

Mier, Fray José Servando Teresa de,
539

migration

agrarian/factory labor circuit,
667

agricultural trends and,
145
–
46

civilizing missions and,
834

as collective, group behavior,
165
–
66

deportation,
133
–
36

diaspora,
108
–
9

Europe and overseas,
129

from Europe to US,
64

famine and,
166
,
199

to frontiers,
322
–
23

immigration policy,
861
–
62

“immigration society,”
129

internal,
144
–
50

labor markets and,
109
–
10
,
145
,
148
–
50
,
158
–
59

motives for,
164
–
66

and nation building,
128
–
29

vs.
nomadism,
149
–
50

Pacific and migration flows,
98

political exile and,
109
,
133
–
34
,
133
–
39
,
136
–
39
,
526

redemption system and,
154
–
55