The Transformation of the World (271 page)

Royal Geographical Society,
821

rubber,
5
,
95
,
166
,
350
,
432
,
441
,
659
,
682
–
83

Rügen,
703

Ruhr region,
145
,
267
,
274

rule of law,
594
–
98
,
607

Russia,
22

anti-Islamism and,
140

anti-Semitism in,
143
,
872

China and,
111
–
12

Decembrist uprising in,
89
,
133
,
525
–
26

empire of (
See
Tsarist Empire
)

ethnic cleansing and,
141
–
42

as European,
89
,
101

foundation of cities in,
106

industrialization in,
269
,
643
,
646

monarchy in,
917

natural resources in,
655

nobility in,
751

ordering of space in,
106

revolution in,
63
,
522
,
525
–
26
,
561

territoriality and,
108

“token constitutionalism” in,
569

urbanization of,
255

as world power,
910

Russian Orthodox Church,
50
,
868
,
884

Russian-Ottoman war (1768-74),
140

Russian-Ottoman war (1877-78),
141
–
42

Russian Revolution (1905),
522
,
559
,
561
–
70

Russo-Japanese War,
124
,
194
,
445
,
908

Sadová, Battle of,
411
,
417
,
483
,
490
–
91

Sahara,
112
,
293
,
382

Sahel zone,
205
,
293
,
382

Said, Pasha of Egypt,
425
,
741

Saigon,
6
,
186
,
238
,
270
,
284
–
86
,
412
,
801

Saint Barthelemy,
443
–
44

Saint-Domingue.
See
Haiti

Saint Louis,
15

Saint Petersburg,
75
,
192
,
248
,
250
,
255
,
259
,
271
–
72
,
305
,
399
,
403
,
431
,
561
,
567
,
734
,
782

Saint-Simon, Claude-Henri de,
248
,
897

Saionji Kinmochi,
561

Saldanha, Juan (João) Carlos de Saldanha

Oliveira e Daun, 1st Duke of,
576

Salim Taqla,
34
–
35

Salonica,
142
,
185
,
567
,
627

Saltpeter War (Pacific War),
477
,
658

The Salvation Army,
823

Sand, George (Amantine Lucile Aurore Dupin), Sand Creek Massacre,
341

San Francisco,
6
,
187
,
189
,
197
,
387

sanitation,
172
–
77
,
183
–
84
,
195

Sarmiento, Domingo Faustino,
828

Sattelzeit
period,
59
–
63

and acceleration,
75

Imperialism and,
457

social hierarchies and,
61

Saudi Arabia,
895

Saxony,
259
,
432
–
33
,
518
,
654

Sayaji Rao Gaekwad III, Maharaja of Baroda,
238

Scandinavia,
101
,
129

scarlet fever,
178

Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph,
811

Schereschewsky, Samuel Isaac Joseph,
891
–
92

Schilling, Heinz,
56

Schlegel, Friedrich,
903

Schleiermacher, Friedrich Daniel,
799
,
804

Schleyer, Johann Martin,
511

Schlieffen, Alfred von,
909

Schmitt, Carl,
429

Schoelcher, Victor,
844

Schönberg, Arnold,
777

Schopenhauer, Arthur,
303
,
811

Schreiner, Olive,
20

Schroeder, Paul W.,
471

Schubert, Franz,
39
,
226

Schulze, Hagen,
404

Schumann, Robert,
62

Schumpeter, Joseph A.,
17
–
18
,
368
,
431
,
451
,
641

Schurz, Carl,
546

science,
22
,
824

as cultural authority,
780
–
81

as cultural concept,
808
–
11

education systems and,
797

geography as,
22
–
24
,
79
–
80
,
91
–
92
,
94

industrial research,
64
,
272

mathematics and rationalization,
25
–
29

medical,
177
–
84
,
189
,
195

objectivity and scientific discourse,
94
,
865

photography as instrument of,
40

sociology as,
24
–
25

See also
medicine
;
technology

Scotland,
122
,
155
,
166
,
177
,
202
,
259
,
379
,
589
–
90
,
644
,
646
,
687
,
712
,
828
–
29

scurvy,
202

Second Afghan War,
420

secularization,
108
,
316
,
565
–
67
,
606
,
874
–
75
,
877
–
78
,
880
–
84
,
887

Seeley, John Robert,
443

segregation,
287
–
88

in cities,
281
,
287
–
88

economic segregation and slums,
308
–
9

ethnic communities,
109
,
143

of Jews in ghettos,
869
–
71
,
870

racial apartheid,
853

religious,
869
–
70

Selim III, Sultan of Ottoman Empire,
626
–
27

semi-autonomous state building,
373
–
74

Seminole Indians,
340
,
342
–
43

Semper, Gottfried,
317

Senegal,
400
,
445
,
446
,
465
,
796
,
888
–
89

sepoy
troops,
97
,
130
,
427
–
28
,
488
,
552
–
54
,
616
–
17

Serbia,
142
,
256
,
406
,
409
,
498
,
678
–
79
,
750
–
51
,
868

serfs,
133
,
147
,
223
,
701
–
3
,
916

emancipation of,
364
,
551
,
627
,
698
,
701
–
4
,
752
,
844
,
847

settler colonialism,
37
,
97
–
98
,
109
,
370
–
75
,
424

in Africa,
153
,
371
,
373
–
74
,
599
,
774
–
75

British Empire and,
37
,
87
,
289
,
373
,
403
,
412
–
13
,
599
,
749
,
800

“Caribbean” type,
371
–
72

democracy and,
373
–
74
,
412
–
13
,
599

environmental impacts of,
374
–
75

frontiers and,
368
–
75

indigenous peoples and,
373

labor and,
371
–
72

“New England” type,
370
–
71

property ownership and,
372
–
73

semi-autonomous state building and,
373
–
74

state support and,
337
–
38

trade and,
726
–
30

The Seven Years' War,
59
,
100
,
432
,
451
,
469
,
527

Seville,
257
,
261
,
296

Shaka, King of the Zulu,
351
,
583
,
616

Shamil, Muslim resistance leader,
140

Shanghai

arts and culture in,
21
,
42

and Beijing,
269
–
70
,
271

and city council as democratic institution,
601

International Settlement in,
138
,
290
,
453
,
595

as modern city,
248
,
299
–
300

municipal infrastructure in,
175
,
189

newspapers in,
33
–
34

population of,
253
,
254

as port city,
254
,
276
,
280
,
281
,
282
,
290
–
91
,
293
–
94

standard of living in,
237

Shinto,
875
–
87

shipbuilding,
273
,
280
,
379
,
471
,
686
,
713

metal ship construction,
277
,
279
–
80

shipping,
275
–
77
,
712
–
15
,
726
–
29
,
911

freight
vs.
passenger,
278

growth in,
278

steamships,
38
,
64
,
97
,
161
–
62
,
277
–
80
,
387
,
694
,
712
–
15
,
721
,
728
–
29
,
908
,
911

See also
ports
; ship building

Shirazi, Sayyid Ali Muhammad “The Bab,”
896

Siam (Thailand),
22
,
49

abolition of slavery in,
838
–
39

as autonomous,
64
–
65
,
312
,
378
,
401
,
414
,
420
,
458
,
480

borders of,
112

Chinese migration to,
161
,
163

disease outbreaks in,
183
,
190
,
193

GDP of,
169

international trade and,
378
,
455

urbanization and,
256
–
57

Westernization in,
236

Siberia,
82
,
83
,
89
–
90
,
108
,
146
,
190
,
336

as big-game frontier,
382
–
84

indigenous peoples of,
361
,
364
–
64
,
367
–
68

as penal colony,
133
–
34
,
148

Russian settlement of,
147
–
48
,
155
,
364
,
910
trakt'
through,
337

Trans-Siberian Railway,
692
–
93
,
716
,
718
–
19

Sidney, Algernon,
539

Siegrist, Hannes,
234

Siemens, Werner von,
652

Sierra Leone,
497

Sikhs,
425
,
448
,
553
,
616
–
17

silver,
57
,
98
,
265
,
267
,
347
,
658
–
59
,
663
,
736

as currency,
440
,
730
–
33

silver-opium economy,
162
,
731
–
33

Simmel, Georg,
25
,
248
,
861