A Convenient Hatred: The History of Antisemitism (67 page)

conversos
,
128
–133;

flagellants,
96
–97;

and Holocaust denial,
354
–355;

Luther,
116
–120,
123
–125;

Mortara case,
196
–198;

reconciliation, efforts toward,
127
,
297
–299,
322
,
354
–355;

rivalry,
33
–34,
87
–89;

and Roman Empire,
31
–37;

separationChristianity, Judaism,
25
–26,
28
–31,
33

Talmud, attacks on,
90
–91,
115
–116,
129
.
See also
Poland; Spain; other nations

Jewish Commission of Homel,
237

Jewish conspiracy, international, false charges of: arson,
141

Germany, betrayal of,
260

myths,
332
,
339
,
351

poisoning wells,
95
–97,
104
,
169

world domination,
196
,
201
–202,
233
,
239
,
245
,
250
,
253
,
318
–320,
332
,
343
,
346
.
See also Protocolsof the Elders of Zion

Jewish Daily News,
255

Jewish Fighting Organization (ZOB),
280
,
281

Jewish force, Elephantine,
11

Jewish law: arguments regarding,
23
–24,
26
,
28
,
46

early practices,
11
,
26

protections and rights,
61
,
81
139
,
145
–146,
192
,
298

and Roman Empire,
19
,
34

Jewish Military Organization,
280

Jewish-Muslim relations: Constitution of Medina,
44
–45

dhimmi
status,
50
–53,
102
–104,
151

dialogue,
356
–359;

early Arabia, conflict in,
42
–48;

Egypt and Middle East,
303
–306,
308
,
326
–328;

Germany,
344

Iraq,
299
–302

Jewish tribes in Medina
43
,
45
,
46
,
48

Jews, Judaism: Ashkenazi Jews,
146
,
168
,
170
,
172

dietary laws,
10
,
23
,
42
,
61
,
83
,
84
,
139

“Jewish Christians,”
25
,
35

Orthodox Jews,
194

rabbinic Judaism,
26
,
90
,
91
,
105

Romaniotes,
150

Sephardic Jews,
146
,
154
,
166
,
168
,
170
,
172

Jews, occupations: Alexandria,
13
–14;

and discrimination,
73
,
88
,
100
,
105
,
269

France,
174
–175;

Middle East,
53

Nazi Germany,
269

Ottoman Empire,
150
–151;

Poland and Ukraine,
142
,
147
–148;

Spain,
102
–103,
105

tax collecting,
105
–106,
147
–148,
151
.
See also
money lending; merchants

Jews, population, 2010, map,
357

Jews, restrictions on: Austria,
165

dhimmi
status,
49
–50,
102
–103,
151

England,
168

in Islamic Empire,
49
–53,
102
–103,
151

Luther, calls for,
124

ownership of slaves,
87

political positions,
87
–88;

Prussia,
158
,
162
,
163

Rome and Papal States,
129

Russia,
218
,
227

and special taxes,
52
,
53
,
90
,
98
,
100
,
101
,
102
,
107
,
123
,
160
,
165
,
173

trade,
100
,
154

World War II,
272
–273.
See also
badges and clothing restrictions; Jews, occupations

Joachim, duke of Brandenburg,
126

Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom,
349
–351

Johann, bishop of Speyer,
67

John II, king of Portugal,
110

John XXIII, pope,
322

John Paul II, pope,
355

Johnson, Albert,
255

Jordan,
304
,
307
,
311
,
328
–329,
335
,
340
–341

Jörg, Ittel,
120
–121

Josel of Rosheim,
115
,
120
–126

Joseph II, emperor of Austria,
165

Judea,
8
–9,
11
,
16
,
18
,
19
,
20

Julian,
34

Julius III, pope,
129

Justinian,
40

K

Kaimaky, Leon,
255

Kant, Immanuel,
157
–158,
178

Karlsruhe,
177

Karo, Joseph,
146

Kattan, Naïm,
299
–302

Kazimir,
144

kehillah, kehillot
,
145
–147,
150
,
165
,
172

Khaybar,
47
,
48

Khazraj,
43
,
46

Khnum (Egyptian god),
10
–11

Khrushchev, Nikita,
316
,
319

Kichko, Trofim,
320

Kiddush ha-Shem
,
68
,
97
,
155

Kielce,
296

Kiev,
220
,
275

kippa
,
341

Kishinev,
229
–230

Klausner, Abraham, rabbi,
291

Kochubiyevsky, Boris,
332

Königshofen, Jacob von,
93
–94,
95
,
98

Kowel,
146

Krakow,
138
,
141
,
143
,
144
,
145
,
295

Kristallnacht
,
271

Ku Klux Klan,
297
,
353

L

Lagnado, Lucette,
328

Lampon,
16
–17

Landau, Edwin,
266
–267

La Rochelle, France,
89

Last Supper,
87

Laurin, Anton von,
189
–191,
195

Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor,
269

Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service,
267

League of Antisemites,
203

League of Nations,
247
–248,
303

Lebanon,
248
,
302
,
311
,
343
–344

Le Chambon, France,
282

Lenin, V. I.,
242

Leo X, pope,
116
–117

Le Pen, Jean Marie,
351

Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim,
159
,
178

Levant Company,
154

Levin, Meyer,
285
–286

Lilienblum, Moses Leib,
222
–224

Lincoln, England,
82

Lindsay, John,
333

Lithuania,
109
,
141
,
144
,
146
,
224
,
236
,
247

Lloyd George, David,
239
–241

Locke, John,
157

Loire River,
63
,
80

Louis VII, king of France,
81

Louis IX, king of France,
91

Louis XVI, king of France,
170

Loyola, Ignatius,
128

Lubbe, Marinus van der,
265

Lublin,
138

Ludendorff, General Erich,
260
–261,
263
,
264

Ludwig, king of Bavaria,
101

Luther, Martin,
116
,
117
,
118
,
120
,
123
–125,
126
,
127
,
134
,
160

Lutherans,
121
–123,
125
,
134
,
144
,
159
,
268

Lutz, Charles,
284

Luxembourg,
272
–273

Lwow,
138
,
141
,
143

M

MacInnes, Colin,
330
,
332

Maimonides, Moses,
103
–104

Mainz,
59
,
60
–61,
68
–69,
97

Mainz, University of,
116

Majdanek (death camp),
277

Manetho,
15

Marr, Wilhelm,
202
–204,
208

Marshall, Louis,
246
–247,
253

Martel, Charles,
63

Martínez, Ferrán,
104

Marx, Karl,
242
–243

Masaryk, Thomas,
248

Massachusetts Bay Colony,
135

Massel, Jacob,
255

Massimino, Elisa,
348

Maximilian I, Holy Roman emperor,
115
,
117

Mayer, Armand,
208
–209

Mazor, Michael,
280

Mecca, Meccans,
42
,
43
,
45
,
46
,
47