A Convenient Hatred: The History of Antisemitism (69 page)

Nuremberg trials,
316
,
323
–324

O

O’Brien, Conor Cruise,
299

Ohrdruf (camp),
285
–287

oil,
330

Olesnicki, Zbigniew,
141
,
143

Osiander, Andreas,
125
–126

Oslo Peace Process,
335

Othman, leader of Ottoman Turks,
149

Ottoman Empire: Ancona, boycott of,
131
,
133
,
153

civic equality in,
184

Damascus affair,
184
–186,
188
,
193
–195;

Holy Roman Empire, threat to,
122

and Jews,
110
,
137
,
149
–155;

and nationalism,
199
–200;

and Russia,
219

World War I,
233
,
235
,
240
–241,
248
,
303

Ovid,
114

P

Pacelli, Cardinal Eugenio,
268
–269.
See also
Pius XII, pope

Pact of Umar,
50

pagans,
34
,
41
,
56
,
57

Pakistan,
344
–345,
356

Pale of Settlement,
216
,
218
,
219
,
220
,
221
,
227
,
236
,
273

map,
221

Palestine, Palestinians: Arab conquest,
48

British mandate,
248
,
302
–304,
305
–308;

and Byzantine and Persian Empires,
41

Jewish homeland in,
299
,
305
,
308
–310,
315
,
326

Jewish immigration to,
155
,
224
,
296
,
303
,
305

Oslo Peace Process,
335

and Ottoman Empire,
240
–241

post–World War I,
302
–309;

post–World War II,
306

and refugees,
310
–311,
358

and Roman Empire,
20

and the United Nations,
307
–308,
310

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO),
329
–330,
335

Palestinian Arab Higher Committee,
305
,
307

Palestinian Authority,
335

papal bulls,
88
–89,
96
,
117
,
126
,
129

Papal States,
110
,
131
,
196

Paris,
80
,
273

Paris, bishop of,
90
–91

Paris Commune,
172

Paris, University of,
116

Parkes, James,
323

Parole Libre
, La (The Free Word),
208

Pasha, Sherif,
185
–192

Passover,
15
,
31
,
33
,
75
,
77
,
87
,
133
,
183
,
187
,
192
,
281

Patton, General George S., Jr.,
286
–287,
292

Paul (formerly Saul),
25
–26

Paul III, pope,
127
–128

Paul IV, pope,
129

Paul, Randolph,
283

Paulus, Heinrich,
179

Pearl, Daniel,
345
,
347
,
358

Pearl, Judea,
347
–348,
356
–359

Pearl Harbor, Hawaii,
277
,
294

Pehle, John,
283
–284

Pentagon,
343

Pentateuch.
See
Torah

Perlman, Nathan,
253

Persian Empires, Persians,
9
,
11
–12,
34
,
39
,
40
–42,
47
,
48

Pesaro,
133

Peter, disciple of Jesus,
25

Peter the Hermit,
64
–65

Peter the Venerable,
72

Pfefferkorn, Johannes,
115
,
116
,
128

Pharisees,
24
–26,
28
–30

Philo,
13
,
16
–17

Picciotto, Isaac,
189
–190

Picquart, Colonel Georges,
212
–213

Pilate, Pontius,
28

Pius IX, pope,
197

Pius XI, pope,
268
,
269

Pius XII, pope,
269
,
282
,
322

Podolsky, Barukh,
320
–321

Poland: anti-Jewish policies, 1920–1939,
270
–271;

antisemitism after Holocaust,
295
–297,
332

arenda
,
147
–148;

charters,
139
–140;

concentration camps and death camps in,
277
,
285

division of by Austria and Russia,
215

division of by Germany and Soviet Union,
272

Jews, attacks on,
141
,
143
–149,
246
,
295
–297;

Jews, immigration to,
109
–110,
137
–140;

Jews, occupations in,
142
,
147
–148

kehillot
,
146
–147;

Minorities Treaty, opposition to,
248

Protocols ofthe Elders of Zion
,
250

Warsaw ghetto uprising,
279
–282;

World War I,
236
,
246

World War II,
273
–274,
279

Portugal,
102
,
110

Poznan,
141
,
143
–144

Prague,
117

Preskoff family,
225

printing press,
113
–114,
117

Procopius,
40

propaganda: antisemitic,
287
,
351

militant Islamic,
344
–345;

Nazi,
265
,
272
,
276
,
279
,
294
,
349

Soviet,
320
–321

Proskurov,
243

Protestantism, Protestants:
Catholic Church, break from,
122
–123,
128

condemnations of antisemitism,
252
,
323
,
354

England,
166
–168;

formation,
122

France, civic equality in,
171
–172,
175

interfaith conference in Seelisberg,
297

Luther’s influence on,
125

under Nazis,
268
,
271
,
282

the Netherlands,
135

Poland,
144

Soviet Jews, support of,
325

Protestant Reformation,
122
,
127

Protestant World Council of Churches,
323

Protocols of the Elders of Zion
,
230
,
233
,
244
–245,
248
–254,
260
–261,
318
,
328
,
336
,
354

Prussia,
162
,
194
,
200
,
215
,
236

Psalms,
7
–8

Pulitzer, Joseph,
289

Puritan(s),
166

purity-of-blood laws,
106
,
108
,
118
,
128
.
See also
race

Pyrenees,
63

Q

Qaynuq
ā
,
43
,
46

Qur’an,
50
,
95
,
326

Quraysh,
42
,
44

Qurayza,
43
,
46
,
47

Qutb, Sayyid,
326
,
328

R

rabbinical courts,
172

race,
158
: and antisemitism,
202
–204;

and anti-Zionism,
333
–334;

Damascus affair,
184

Dreyfus Affair,
208
,
211

and Evian conference,
270

in Germany,
177
–178,
180
,
203
–204;

and Nazi “racial state,”
262
,
264
–265,
268
–269,
273
–274,
276
,
279

in Poland,
250

and “purity of blood” laws,
158

and World Conference against Racism,
340
–342

Rahola, Pilar,
345
,
348
–349,
356

Rath, Ernst vom,
271

Rathenau, Walter,
262
–263

Ratti-Menton, Count de,
185
–187,
189
,
193
,
196

Red Army,
242
–243,
245
,
251

refugees: and ethnic cleansing after World War II,
297

Jewish, post–World War II,
290
–291,
296
–297,
307

from Nazi Germany,
270
–271;

Palestinian,
310
–311,
335

Reich, Walter,
351
–352

Reuchlin, Johannes,
115
–116,
126

Rhineland,
55
,
59
,
66
,
67
,
68
,
69
,
72

Rhine River,
55

Rhode Island,
135

Riddles of the Universe
,
204

Riesser, Gabriel,
179
–181

ritual murder charges: Crusades,
67

Damascus affair,
184
–195;

Europe,
80
–81,
120
,
125

Holy Roman Empire,
122
,
125
–126;