The Transformation of the World (257 page)

De Vries, Jan,
254
,
255

Diamond, Jared,
392

diasporas,
108
–
10
,
140
–
46
,
154
,
281
,
341
–
45
,
427
,
452
,
565
,
749
,
872
–
73

Díaz, Porfirio,
65
,
138
,
576
,
628
,
684
,
741
,
787
,
913

Dickens, Charles,
19
,
28
,
30
,
75
,
272
,
273
,
315
,
579

dictatorship,
476
,
536
,
568
,
573
–
74
,
576
–
77
,
632
,
752
,
903

dictionaries,
16
–
17

Diderot, Denis,
16
,
539

Diederichs, Eugen,
813

Diesel, Rudolf,
713

diet.
See
famine
;
food

diplomacy,
90
,
393
–
94
,
458
–
59
,
722
–
23

colonial history and diplomatic history,
396
–
402

communications technology and,
500
,
722

financial agreements and,
497
–
98
,
738
–
39
,
742
–
43

“gunboat,”
460
,
832

imperial hegemonies and,
475
–
82

and knowledge transfer,
11
,
93
,
784
,
817

mechanisms of,
473
–
75
,
493
–
96

motivations for,
493
–
96

personnel and postings,
499
–
503

rules for,
497
–
98

symbolic equality and,
496
,
498
,
832

diptheria,
178
,
183

direct rule,
360
–
61
,
479
,
514
,
553
,
581
,
830

disasters, relief programs,
201

disease

climate and,
196
–
97

dietary deficiency and,
168
,
205

epidemics,
125
–
26
,
180
,
193
–
94

epidemiological trends,
178
–
80

indigenous populations and microbe shocks,
352

“microbe shocks” and,
125
–
26

microbe theory of,
173
,
176
–
77
,
183

and mobility,
125
,
180
–
82
,
185
–
94

quarantines and prevention of,
172
,
186
,
187
–
88
,
193

sanitation and prevention of,
173
–
74

state commitment to public health,
176
–
77

vaccines and immunization,
179
–
83
,
185

war and,
191

See also
specific

Disraeli, Benjamin, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield,
400
,
585
,
741
–
42
,
866

distemper,
180

domestic service workers,
697

Dom João VI of Portugal,
139
,
408

Donizetti, Gaetano,
5
,
6

Donizetti, Giuseppe,
5

Douglass, Frederick,
903

Dreyfus, Alfred,
135

Dublin,
284
,
309

Du Bois, W.E.B.,
852
,
861

Dülffer, Jost,
906

Dull Knife, Cheyenne leader,
345

Dunant, Henri,
491

Duncan, Sara Jeanette,
20

Dupin, Amantine Lucile Aurore (George Sand),
508

Duplessis, Marie,
178
–
79

Durham, John George Lambton, Lord,
413

Durkheim, Émile,
25
,
746
,
819
,
861

Dutch East India Company,
181

in Japan,
93

in Java,
378

labor migration and,
93
,
129
,
153
–
54

Dutch East Indies,
119
,
188
,
295
–
96
,
420
,
429
,
442
–
43
,
801
,
844

See also
Indonesia

Dutch Empire,
827

Dutt, Romesh Chunder,
25

dysentery,
173
,
185
,
194
,
197
,
203
,
689
–
90

early modern age,
15
,
43
,
47
–
48
,
55
–
58
,
128
–
33
,
145
,
168
,
184
,
203
,
206
,
226
–
27

East Africa,
127

East Asia

disease epidemics in,
187
–
88

international trade and,
727
–
28

nomadism in,
357

resistance to Westernization in,
236

sociology as discipline in,
25

transnational migration in,
145
–
47

travel and observation literature in,
22

urbanization in,
252
–
54

use of term,
82
–
84

See also
China
;
Japan
;
Korea

Eastern Europe,
88
,
90
,
101
–
2
,
143
–
44
,
156
,
369
,
423
,
705
,
768
,
867
,
870

East India Company,
18
,
283
,
287
,
379
,
419
,
429
,
447
–
48
,
451
–
52
,
480
,
552
–
53
,
581
,
725
,
755
,
890

end of,
445

and silver-opium economy,
731
,
769

western cultural norms and,
235
–
36

East Indies,
82

East/West divergence

cultural transference and,
913
–
14

military growth and,
909

Eça de Queiros, José Maria,
20

Eckermann, Johann Peter,
719

ecology,
650
,
744

agricultural practices and,
132
,
208
,
214
–
15
,
339
,
360
,
369
,
374
,
681

and climate change,
382

colonialism and,
324

destruction,
390
–
91

famine and ecological factors,
205
–
6
,
208
–
9

fisheries and whaling,
386
–
89

frontiers, ecological aspects of,
328
–
31
,
361
–
62
,
374
,
375
–
86
,
390
–
91

industrialization and ecological depredation,
67
,
375
–
76

nomads and,
149
,
336
,
346
–
57

wildlife,
382
–
86

economic geography,
78

economy, global.
See
globalization
,
economic

Edison, Thomas Alva,
652
,
720

Edo (Tokyo),
7
,
221
–
22
,
242
,
251
,
254
,
259
,
269
–
70
,
293
,
415
,
518
–
19
,
588
,
803

education

of children,
697
,
790
–
91
,
793
–
95

colonial,
796
–
97
,
800
–
801

German system of,
798

industrialization and,
648

language,
463
,
784
–
85

missionaries and,
794
,
796
,
797
,
901
,
912

North American Indians and,
343

and radicalization,
799
–
800

religious institutions and,
790
,
797
,
802

science and technology,
796
,
797

social status and,
753
,
824

social unrest and,
790

state and public,
423
,
790
–
91
,
795
–
97
,
824

technical colleges,
806

universities,
796
–
808

See also
literacy
;
specific nations or regions

Edward VII, King of England,
501
,
585

efficiency, growth during nineteenth century,
907
–
10

Egypt

agriculture in,
683
,
849

British occupation of,
63
,
64
–
65
,
97
,
401
,
420
,
438
,
441
,
443
,
447
,
459
,
783
,
830

as debtor nation,
292
,
313
,
401
,
440
,
628
,
741
–
42

disease outbreaks in,
180
–
81
,
185
,
190
,
193
,
195
–
96

education and literacy in,
792
,
801

free press in,
34
–
35

French occupation of,
54
,
57
,
440
–
41
,
532
,
829
–
30
,
902

GDP of,
169

industrialization in,
657

international trade and,
683
,
849

as military power,
617
–
18

modernization in,
313
,
592
,
897

monarchy in,
592

nationalism in,
406
,
521

as part of Ottoman Empire,
26
,
34
–
35
,
54
,
120
,
360
,
446
,
459

population of,
26

secondary empire building and,
446

secularization in,
882

slavery in,
150
–
51
,
849

social welfare traditions in,
225

Western acquisition of antiquities from,
13
,
313
,
817

Western interest in antiquities of,
40

See also
Suez Canal

Egyptian Museum, Cairo,
13

Eichengreen, Barry,
734

Einstein, Albert,
69

Eisenstadt, S. N.,
904

Ekmeleddin Ihasanoglu,
808

electricity,
64
,
310
,
311
,
651
–
52
,
657

elephants,
384
–
85

Elgin, Thomas Bruce, Earl of,
818

Elias, Norbert,
222

Eliot, George,
19

emancipation,
915
–
18

of serfs,
364
,
551
,
627
,
698
,
701
–
4
,
752
,
844
,
847

of slaves,
131
,
132
,
837
–
51
(
See also
abolition
)

of women,
916

Emerson, Ralph Waldo,
811
,
903

encyclopedias,
15
–
17

Chinese
leishu,
16

energy

animal energy,
100
–
101
,
213
–
14
,
302
–
5
,
335
,
653
–
54
,
689
,
712

coal as source of,
62
,
63
,
134
,
150
,
267
,
274
,
277
–
78
,
381
,
647
,
651
–
57
,
661
,
690
–
91
,
908