crypto-Jews, 344–47
cult of saints, 149
cultural continuity, 74–75; pagan, 82–84
Cumont, Franz, 18–20, 26
Cybele, 15, 17, 19, 26–27, 31, 81, 162
Cybelene worship, 15, 19, 21, 22, 26–27, 31, 81
Cyprian, 113, 116, 143, 144, 199
Cyrus the Great, 12, 72
Damascus, 58, 68, 84, 161, 217, 229
Dante, 249
Dark Ages, 214, 237–50, 340, 418; capitalism, 244–46; high culture, 248–50; moral progress, 247–48; myth of, 237–53; peasant religion, 255–72
Darwin, Charles, 276
Da Vinci, Leonardo, 249
Dawkins, Richard, 275, 294
Dead Sea Scrolls, 42
Decius, Gaius Messius, 141–44, 145; persecution of Christians, 141–44, 147
Deissman, Adolf, 96–98
Denmark, 329, 379–80
deprivation theory, 88
Descartes, René, 285
Deuteronomy, 123
dhimmis,
208–209
Diasporan Jews, 33, 62, 71–85, 162, 345, 417; conversion among, 71–85; Paul and, 75–77; women, 123–24
Diderot, Denis, 215, 252, 382
Diocletian, 144–46, 164, 188
Dionysius, 115, 117, 143
Dionysus, 15, 24, 82
disease, 105, 106, 111–12, 114–18; plagues, 114–18, 139
divine accommodation, 83, 292–94
divorce, 122–23, 128–29, 348
Dodd, C. H., 92, 198
Dominicans, 256, 308
Domitian, 28, 138, 139
Donatists, 176–77, 179, 306
Donatus, 176–77
d’Oresme, Nicole, 279, 285
Drake, H. A., 184, 188, 189
Druids, 16
Eastern Christianity, 161, 169, 176, 199–211, 217; destruction of, 199–211, 217;
dhimmis,
208–209.
See also
specific countries
economy, 244, 320, 383, 384; emergence of capitalism, 244–46, 320, 331
ecstasy, 18
Edessa, County of, 224, 225
Egypt, 12, 13, 14, 15–16, 18, 29, 37, 38, 72, 133, 142, 202–203, 226, 232; Christians persecuted in, 202–209, 217
Einstein, Albert, 287, 291
empiricism, 283; Scholastic, 283–84
Engels, Friedrich, 87
England, 102, 103, 176, 196, 229, 233, 348, 377, 387; anti-Catholicism, 336, 337; colonialism, 233; Leftism, 382; medieval, 242, 256, 258, 259, 260, 263, 263, 281, 311; royal self-interest, 329; sodomy, 349; witch hunts, 340
Enlightenment, 183, 214, 229, 238, 240, 249, 250, 252–53, 274, 340; myth of secular, 252–53
Ephesus, 66, 94
Episcopalians, 360, 361, 411
Erasmus, Desiderius, 262, 316
Erastus, 55–56
Essenes, 40, 42, 57, 101
Euclid, 251
Europe, 4, 5, 167–234, 354, 370; colonialism, 213, 215–16, 233–34, 393; consolidating Christian, 167–234; Crusades, 213–34; “Dark Ages,” 237–50; “enlightened” churches, 379–81; fertility rates, 384–85; Inquisition, 333–50; lazy churches, 376–79; Leftist politics, 382–83; Reformations, 315–32, 416; secularization and, 375–85.
See also
specific countries
Eusebius, 65, 144, 178, 187, 301;
Life of Constantine,
173–74, 175;
The Martyrs of Palestine,
146–47, 152
evil, 11, 12
Exodus, 72, 124, 293
Ezekiel, 102–103
Fabian, Pope, 143
Fabians, 102
Ferdinand and Isabella, 328, 333, 346
fertility, 80, 157, 384–85; Greco-Roman, 129–33
feudalism, demise of, 320
First Crusade, 154, 213, 217, 222, 226, 306, 307
Flagellants, 313
Florence, 238, 252, 281
Fox, John, 180, 334
France, 103, 154, 217, 219, 322, 328, 348, 349, 374, 377; Calvinism, 338; colonialism, 233; Leftism, 382–83; medieval, 242, 261, 281, 311–12; Revolution, 382; royal self-interest, 328; War of Religion, 101
Francis, St., 307–308, 312
Franciscans, 228, 308
Francis I, King of France, 328
Franks, 217, 232, 243, 247
Fraticelli, 313
Free Imperial Cities, 327, 329
Frend, W. H. C., 76–77, 146, 180
Fulcher of Chartres, 154
Fulk III, Count of Anjou, 223
Galatians, 76, 199, 413
Galen, 114, 118, 151
Galerius, 145, 146
Galilee, 34, 36, 37, 50, 52, 53, 58, 106, 155, 158
Galileo Galilei, 288–92;
Assayer,
289;
Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems,
290–91
Gallienus, 139, 144, 145
Gamaliel, 52, 92
gender, 20, 124–25; sex ratios and fertility, 129–33; women in early Christianity, 121–36
Genesis, 292–93, 294
Geneva Convention, 232
Gentiles, 64, 413–14; conversion, 71, 76, 79, 80–85
geography, of Christian growth, 158–59,
160,
161–62
Germany, 229, 377, 378; Holy Roman Emperors, 301, 327; Lutheran, 256–59, 261, 263, 265, 316–32; medieval, 256–59, 261, 265, 281, 301, 310–12
Gibbon, Edward, 183–84, 188, 192, 207, 215, 237–38, 240, 248, 252, 274;
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,
249
gladiatorial combat, 191–92
globalization, 373–75, 387–412, 418; active religious affiliations, 391,
391,
392; African Christians, 393–96,
394–95;
Chinese Christians, 405–407; faiths on Earth, 388–93,
390–92;
growth of Christianity and, 408–412; Latin American Christians, 396–99,
399,
400–403,
403,
404; modernity and, 412; nominal religious affiliations, 390,
390,
391; pluralism and, 410–12; regional distribution of Christians, 392,
392,
393
Gnostics, 78, 175, 179, 310
Godfrey of Bouillon, 214, 216, 226
Gospels, 50, 53–57, 62, 91, 165, 408, 409–410; early literacy and, 96–100; historical reliability of, 54–57.
See also
specific books
Gothic, 239, 249
Goths, 144, 249
Graecina, Pomponia, 95, 135
Gratian, 193
Great Persecution, 144–47, 164, 171, 176
Great Revolt, 42, 43, 65, 70, 77, 199
Greece, 12, 14, 15, 16, 24, 25, 37–38, 53, 72, 97, 100, 185, 203, 249, 251, 271, 277, 278, 286; cities, 162, 247; Jews, 36–38, 72–74, 75, 76, 80–81; women, 122–23
Greeley, Andrew, 135, 375
Gregory of Nyssa, Saint, 83
Gregory VII, Pope, 306
Gregory IX, Pope, 309
Gregory the Great, Pope, 196
Guatemala, 398, 399, 403
guilds, 326
Gustavus I, King of Sweden, 329
Hadrian, 173
Haiti, 398–99, 403
Hannibal, 27
Harnack, Adolf von, 80, 89, 94, 96, 121, 134, 153, 161
heavy cavalry, 243, 320
Hebrew, 72, 345
Helena, 171, 173
Helen of Troy, 82
hell, 317
Hellenism, 183; cities, 162; Jews, 36–38, 66, 75–79, 80–81; women, 122–23
Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, 305
Henry VIII, King of England, 329, 331, 338, 349, 416
heresy, 228, 304–313, 316, 333; Inquisition and, 344–48, 349; Luther and, 315–32
Hermisdas, Pope, 300
Herod, King, 34–36, 38, 42, 51
Herod Agrippa, King, 64
Hesiod, 82
Hildegard of Bingen, St., 268
Hinduism, 74–75, 390, 391
Hippo, 187
Hobbes, Thomas, 365;
Leviathan,
340
Hodgson, Marshall, 204, 208
Holy Family, 51, 59–61
Holy Roman Empire, 301, 327, 328
homosexuality, 27, 333, 349
Honduras, 398, 399, 403
Honorius, 191, 194
Honorius III, Pope, 308
Huguenots, 348
human dissection, 283
Humbert of Romans, 256, 261
Hume, David, 215, 252, 365, 366
Humiliati, 313
Hus, Jan, 103, 313, 315
Iceland, 196, 218
Iconium, 159
idolatry, 11, 13
Ignatius, Bishop, 94–95, 113, 149
immortal soul, 41
India, 199, 201, 374
individualism, 18–19
indulgences, sale of, 317–20, 322
industrialization, 320
infanticide, 123, 126–27, 130, 131
Innocent III, Pope, 308, 309, 311
Inquisition, 5, 272, 288, 291, 333–50, 418; “Black Legend,” 335–36; book burning, 350; deaths, 337–38; exaggeration of, 334–50; heresy and, 344–48; Jews and, 333, 344–47; Lutherans and, 333, 344, 345, 347–48, 350; Muslims and, 333, 344, 345, 347; sexuality and, 348–50; torture, 339; witchcraft, 333, 340–44
Iran, 11, 201, 206, 207, 210
Iraq, 201, 206
Irenaeus, 293
Irving, Washington,
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,
274
Isaiah, 99
Isiacism, 15–16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 25–26, 28, 81
Isis, 15–16, 17, 19, 25–26, 28, 29–30, 81, 162, 196
Islam, 4, 84, 199–211, 224, 286–87, 363–64, 377, 408, 417; Crusades and, 213–34; conversion to, 200, 204–207, 208; destruction of Eastern and North African Christianity, 199–211, 217.
See also
Muslims
Israel, 3, 11, 36, 199, 224, 234; ancient, 39–45, 61, 71–72; creation of state of, 233
Italy, 4, 174, 203, 204, 217, 227, 322, 328, 349, 377, 384; city-states, 245, 251; medieval, 245, 256, 260–62, 281, 283; Renaissance, 238, 251, 288–92
Jairus, 91
James, 49, 52, 60, 64–65, 66, 70, 91, 112, 414
Jehovah, 84
Jehovah’s Witness, 135, 157,
361,
362
Jenkins, Philip, 211, 393
Jeremiah, 102–103
Jerome, St., 301
Jerusalem, 29, 34, 37, 39–45, 52, 53, 66, 76, 92, 106, 121, 143, 154, 161, 413–14; Council of, 413–14; crusader conquest of, 214, 224, 226–30; early persecuted church in, 61–65; Great Revolt, 42, 43, 65, 70, 77; Jesus Movement, 57–65; Kingdom of, 224,
225,
226, 227; Muslim control of, 217–19, 230; pilgrimages to, 218, 222–24; Temple, 28, 34, 35, 36, 38–45, 51, 61–62, 65
Jesus, 3, 28, 35, 45, 49–70, 83–84, 112, 128, 154–55, 158, 177, 293, 308, 409; Ascension, 60, 85; 49, 57, 59, 82, 85, 413; historic, 49–50, 54–57, 90; Holy Family and, 59–61; Judaism and, 50, 52, 57, 98, 366, 413–14; life of, 50–54; literacy and, 96–100; privilege and, 88–100; reliability of Gospels and, 54–57; Resurrection, 49, 85, 215; women and, 124–25